The endocrine effects of bitter tastant administration in the gastrointestinal system: intragastric versus intraduodenal administration

Bitter tastants are a potential new weight-loss treatment. This is noninvasive, easy approach, which should be received with considerable enthusiasm by the public. However, literature about bitter administration lacks consistency in methods and findings. We summarize how compound given based on: site of administration, best to use, at what timing respect meal. paper therefore fundamental step continue research toward further development “bitter pill.”